MADD LETTERS (HUROOF AL-MADD)
Noorani Qaida Lesson 7: Madd means stretching. So in this lesson, we will talk about the letters that are used to stretch the sound. Recall your first lesson where we discussed the letters of madd. Here we will study those letters in detail.
There are only three stretch letters in Arabic language. These letters of stretch related with the VOWELS. Before this lesson we used the vowels to make a short or sharp sound but here we will try to make a long or stretched sound with the help of these vowels.
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As you know that there are only three vowels in Arabic language. They are:
- فتحہ
- کسرہ
- ضممہ
Also, you know that fathah produces the sound of short A, kasrah produces the sound of short E, and dammah produces the sound of short U.
In case of MADD letters,
- Fathah produces the sound of long A as ‘AA’
- Kasrah produces the sound of long E as ‘EE’
- Dammah produces the sound of long U as ‘UU’
in Arabic language, the letters
- ‘Alif’ always corresponds to this fathah sound because this looks like a fathah.
- ‘Yaa’ always corresponds to this kasrah sound.
- and ‘wao’ always corresponds to this dammah sound because it looks like a dammah.
Remember that, harakah or short vowel is defined previously as “opening OR closing of a finger”. The long vowels are the double of short vowels. So, it is defined as “opening AND closing of a finger”.
Example: بَ this is one harakah (short vowel). If we add alif at the end of ب it will become بَا two harakah (long vowel). Same for kasrah and dammah.
In the Noble Quran, the madd letters appear in two different forms.
- You may have a small alif or a big alif.
- Similarly, small form of yaa or a big yaa.
- Small form of wao or a big wao.
So, point to ponder is that all these forms are of madd letters. These letters can appear in a small form or a large form.
How to differentiate between small and large madd letters?
The small alif is written as “الف صغیرہ” (Alif Saghira).
The small yaa is written as “یا صغیرہ” (Yaa Saghira.
The small wao is written as “واو صغیرہ” (Wao Saghira).
In this lesson we will focus on these small letters ” الحروف الصغيره” .
Whenever a fathah is followed by alif, dammah is followed by wao and kasrah is followed by yaa then one harakah is stretched to two harakaat. This is called as “MADDTABEEIY (Natural Madd OR Two Harakat)”.
We already have studied harakat lesson. This lesson is the extension of that lesson. Here we will add madd letters to the harakah letters and will stretch them to two harakaat. Let’s start the lesson.
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بَ ا: read it as “با فتحہ الف صغیرہ با ” (baa fathah alif saghira baaa).
يَ ا: read it as “یا فتحہ الف صغیرہ یا” (yaa fathah alif saghira yaaa).
رَ ا: read it as “را فتحہ الف صغیرہ را” (raa fathah alif saghira raaa).
مَ ا: read it as “میم فتحہ الف صغیرہ ما” (meem fathah alif saghira maaa).
لَ ا: read it as “لام فتحہ الف صغیرہ لام” (laam fathah alif saghira laam).
وَا: read it as “واو فتحہ الف صغیرہ وا” (wao fathah alif saghira waaa).
نَ ا: read it as “نون فتحہ الف صغیرہ نا” (noon fathah alif saghira naaa).
ءَ ا: read it as “ھمزہ فتحہ الف صغیرہ ءا” (hamza fathah alif saghira aaa).
هـَ ا: read it as “ھا فتحہ الف صغیرہ ھا” (Haa fathah alif saghira Haaa).
عَ ا: read it as “عین فتحہ الف صغیرہ عین” (ayeeh fathah alif saghira ayeeen).
حَ ا: read it as “حا فتحہ الف صغیرہ حا” (haa fathah alif saghira haaa).
غَ ا: read it as “غین فتحہ الف صغیرہ غین” (ghayeen fathah alif saghira gahyeeen).
خَ ا: read it as “خا فتحہ الف صغیرہ خا” (khaa fathah alif saghira khaaa).
تَ ا: read it as “تا فتحہ الف صغیرہ تا” (taa fathah alif saghira taaa).
ثَ ا: read it as “ثا فتحہ الف صغیرہ ثا” (thaa fatha alif saghira thaaa).
جَ ا: read it as “جیم فتحہ الف صغیرہ جیم” (jeem fathah alif saghira jeeem).
دَ ا: read it as “دال فتحہ الف صغیرہ دال” (daal fathah alif saghira daaal).
ذَ ا: read it as “ذال فتحہ الف صغیرہ ذال” (thaal fatha alif saghira thaaal).
زَ ا: read it as “زا فتحہ الف صغیرہ زا” (zaa fathah alif saghira zaaa).
سَ ا: read it as “سین فتحہ الف صغیرہ سین” (seen fathah alif saghira seen).
شَ ا: read it as “شین فتحہ الف صغیرہ شین” (sheen fathah alif saghira sheen).
صَ ا: read it as “صاد فتحہ الف صغیرہ صا” (saad alif saghira saaad).
ضَ ا: read it as “ضاد الف صغیرہ ضا” (Zaad alif saghira Daaad).
طَ ا: read it as “طا فتحہ الف صغیرہ طا” (Taa fathah alif saghira Taaa).
ظَ ا: read it as “ظا فتحہ الف صغیرہ ظا” (Thaa fathah alif saghira Thaaa).
فَ ا: read it as “فا فتحہ الف صغیرہ فا” (faa fathah alif saghira faaa).
قَ ا: read it as “قاف فتحہ الف صغیرہ قا” (qaaf fathah alif saghira qaaf).
كَ ا: read it as “کاف فتحہ الف صغیرہ کا” (kaaf fathah alif saghira kaaaf).
:إِ ى read it as “ھمزہ کسرہ یا صغیرہ ای” (hamzah kasrah yaa saghira eee).
هـِ ى: read it as “ھا کسرہ یا صغیرہ ھی” (Haa kasrah yaa saghira Hiii).
وُ و: read it as “واو ضممہ واو صغیرہ وو” (waao dammah waao saghira wuuu).
هُ و: read it as “ھا ضممہ واو صغیرہ ھو” (Haa dammah waao saghira huuu).
ءُ و: read it as “ھمزہ ضممہ واو صغیرہ اوو” (hamzah dammah waao saghira uuu).
Remember: practice this lesson by reading these words without Hijaa.
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